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Case Study: Modifying PC/ABS Alloy

PC/ABS is a widely used engineering alloy that combines the excellent impact resistance and heat resistance of PC with the processability and chemical resistance of ABS [57] . Modifying this alloy for electrical conductivity involves similar principles to pure PC, but the ABS component introduces additional considerations for compatibility and performance [8][79] .

• Modification Methods:
  • Conductive Fillers: The most common approach is compounding with conductive fillers, similar to PC[10][8] .
    • Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs): Preferred for their ability to achieve high conductivity at low loadings (0.5-5%), minimizing impact on mechanical properties[10][81] .
    • Carbon Fibers: Used when both conductivity and mechanical reinforcement are needed[41][81] .
    • Carbon Black: A cost-effective option, though higher loadings (15-25%) are typically required, which can negatively affect impact strength[8][81] .
  • Permanent Antistatic Agents: For applications where maintaining the alloy’s natural color and impact resistance is critical, permanent antistatic agents like polyetheramide-based compounds are used[10] . These form a stable conductive network without the need for high filler loadings, preserving the alloy’s inherent properties[10][8] .
• Performance and Trade-offs:
  • Electrical Properties: Conductive PC/ABS can achieve surface resistivity values ranging from 10² to 10⁵ Ω/sq, depending on the filler type and concentration[41][8] . Antistatic grades typically fall in the 10⁹-10¹² Ω/sq range[10] .
  • Mechanical Impact: The impact resistance of PC/ABS is one of its key advantages, but this can be compromised with high filler loadings[8][81] . For example, carbon black at 20% loading can reduce impact strength by 30-40% compared to the unfilled alloy[81] .
  • Processability: The addition of conductive fillers can increase the melt viscosity of the alloy, making it more challenging to process[8][79] . This may require adjustments to processing parameters like temperature and injection pressure[79] .
• Applications:
  • Automotive Components: Used for interior trim, instrument panels, and electronic housings where ESD protection is needed[10][8] .
  • Electronics Housings: Ideal for the casings of electronic devices like laptops, printers, and gaming consoles, providing both ESD protection and EMI shielding[57][59] .
  • Consumer Goods: Used for components that require static control, such as vacuum cleaner parts, power tool housings, and appliance components[10][79] .